Alabama Code (Last Updated: November 28, 2014) |
Title43 WILLS AND DECEDENTS' ESTATES. |
Chapter2. ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES. |
Article 1. General Provisions. |
§ 43-2-1. Recordation of letters and bonds; transcripts as evidence. |
Article 2. Grant of Letters Testamentary of Administration. |
Division 1. Grant of Letters Testamentary. |
§ 43-2-20. Generally. |
§ 43-2-21. Form. |
§ 43-2-22. Disqualification of certain persons to serve as executor or administrator. |
§ 43-2-23. Issuance of letters to married woman. |
§ 43-2-24. Supplemental letters for minors and married women upon removal of disability. |
§ 43-2-25. Procedure for renouncing appointment. |
§ 43-2-26. Issuance of letters to others named in will upon renunciation or failure to apply by one named. |
§ 43-2-27. Letters of administration granted in stated order on failure of executor to apply, etc. |
§ 43-2-28. Death of sole or surviving executor. |
§ 43-2-29. Grant of letters testamentary after revocation of letters of administration. |
Division 2. Grant of Letters of Administration. |
§ 43-2-40. Generally. |
§ 43-2-41. Form. |
§ 43-2-42. Order of grant of administration. |
§ 43-2-43. Renunciation or relinquishment of right to administration. |
§ 43-2-44. Grant of administration when more than one person entitled thereto; preference of whole blood over half blood. |
§ 43-2-45. Letters not granted until five days after intestate's death; examination of applicants and witnesses. |
§ 43-2-46. Postponing issuance of letters during time for appeal. |
§ 43-2-47. Special administrator ad colligendum. |
§ 43-2-48. Conclusiveness of letters. |
Article 3. Notice of Appointment of Executors or Administrators. |
§ 43-2-60. Generally; time of notice. |
§ 43-2-61. Manner of giving notice. |
§ 43-2-62. Penalty for failure to give notice. |
Article 4. Bonds of Executors and Administrators. |
§ 43-2-82. Liability of judge in taking bond. |
§ 43-2-83. Discharge of surety; new bond. |
§ 43-2-84. Bond of applicant when administration committed to general administrator or sheriff. |
§ 43-2-85. Bond of general administrator. |
§ 43-2-86. Additional bond of general administrator. |
§ 43-2-87. Additional bond of sheriff. |
§ 43-2-88. When sureties discharged by additional bond. |
§ 43-2-89. Force and obligations of former bonds continued. |
§ 43-2-90. Rights of sureties among themselves. |
§ 43-2-91. Bonds valid and operative as statutory bonds. |
§ 43-2-92. Conditional execution or delivery of bond. |
§ 43-2-93. Reducing amount of bond. |
Article 5. Liability of Executors and Administrators. |
§ 43-2-110. Limits of liability generally. |
§ 43-2-111. Liability for damages recovered under sections 6-5-391, 6-5-410 or 25-6-3. |
§ 43-2-112. Executor or administrator of decedent who wasted or converted another decedent's assets. |
§ 43-2-113. Executor de son tort. |
§ 43-2-114. Resignation as defense. |
Article 6. Actions by and Against Executors and Administrators. |
Division 1. General Provisions. |
§ 43-2-130. Venue; service of process. |
§ 43-2-131. Limitation on actions against executor or administrator. |
§ 43-2-132. Actions begun by special administrator not abated. |
§ 43-2-133. Succeeding executor or administrator to be made party to civil actions. |
§ 43-2-134. Judgments against administrators in chief revived against administrators de bonis non. |
§ 43-2-135. Actions against survivor of two or more executors or administrators. |
§ 43-2-136. Survival of actions for damages to realty. |
§ 43-2-137. Action on bond. |
§ 43-2-138. Action by legatee to recover legacy. |
§ 43-2-139. Inventory as evidence. |
Division 2. Execution and Garnishment to Enforce Judgments and Decrees Against Personal Representatives. |
§ 43-2-150. Enforcement of judgments, etc., of probate court against representatives - Generally. |
§ 43-2-151. Enforcement of judgments, etc., of probate court against representatives - Liability of sureties. |
§ 43-2-152. Enforcement of judgment rendered against decedent before his death. |
§ 43-2-153. Enforcement of judgment of circuit court against representative. |
§ 43-2-154. Purchase of property sold under execution. |
§ 43-2-155. Right of succeeding representative to execution. |
Article 7. County or General Administrators. |
§ 43-2-170. Appointment and duties generally; term of office. |
§ 43-2-171. Time delay for committing administration of estate. |
§ 43-2-172. Commitment of administration to sheriff. |
§ 43-2-173. Resignation and removal - Generally. |
§ 43-2-174. Resignation and removal - Appointment of successor. |
§ 43-2-175. Record of official acts. |
Article 8. Nonresidents as Executors and Administrators. |
§ 43-2-190. Applications for letters testamentary or of administration. |
§ 43-2-191. Appointment of nonresident executor - Generally. |
§ 43-2-192. Appointment of nonresident executor - Filing of copies of will and letters testamentary; bond and surety. |
§ 43-2-193. Appointment of nonresident administrator. |
§ 43-2-194. Manner of administering and settling estate. |
§ 43-2-195. Collection of debts and deposits by nonresident personal representative. |
§ 43-2-196. Right to maintain actions. |
§ 43-2-197. Liability to actions; venue. |
§ 43-2-198. Service of process - Generally. |
§ 43-2-199. Service of process — Citations or notices, etc.; return of process. |
§ 43-2-200. Liability of sureties to execution. |
Article 9. Foreign Executors and Administrators. |
§ 43-2-210. Bond. |
§ 43-2-211. Right to maintain actions and recover or receive property in state. |
§ 43-2-212. Action not affected by grant of letters of administration in state; right of intervention. |
§ 43-2-213. Plaintiff required to prove compliance with section 43-2-211. |
§ 43-2-214. Protection afforded by delivery of property or recovery of judgment. |
Article 10. Administration of Estates of Persons Presumed Dead. |
§ 43-2-230. Applications for letters of administration. |
§ 43-2-231. Appointment of personal representative. |
§ 43-2-232. Hearing. |
§ 43-2-233. Publication of notice of presumption of death. |
§ 43-2-234. Issuance of letters of administration. |
§ 43-2-236. Revocation of letters upon proof that supposed decedent is alive - Substitution of parties; reopening judgments. |
§ 43-2-235. Revocation of letters upon proof that supposed decedent is alive - Distribution of assets. |
§ 43-2-237. Costs. |
§ 43-2-238. Applicability of other laws relating to administration of decedents' estates. |
Article 11. Administrators Ad Litem. |
§ 43-2-250. Appointment. |
§ 43-2-251. Decree in favor of administrator ad litem. |
§ 43-2-252. Execution on money decree or judgment. |
§ 43-2-253. Enforcement of decree or judgment for recovery of property. |
§ 43-2-254. Enforcement of decree or judgment when administrator adversely interested. |
§ 43-2-255. Duty of judge, clerk or register to make payment; penalty. |
§ 43-2-256. Compensation of administrator ad litem. |
Article 12. Resignation, Removal, etc., of Executors or Administrators. |
Division 1. General Provisions. |
§ 43-2-270. Filing and recordation of resignation. |
§ 43-2-271. Liability for assets upon resignation. |
§ 43-2-272. Duty of probate court to grant letters of administration upon vacancy. |
§ 43-2-274. Appointment of administrator after final settlement. |
§ 43-2-275. Removal of resident executor from state. |
Division 2. Removal and Proceedings to Require New or Additional Bond. |
§ 43-2-290. Causes of removal generally. |
§ 43-2-291. Rights terminated by sentence of imprisonment. |
§ 43-2-292. Additional bond may be required; removal for default. |
§ 43-2-293. Application for removal or additional bond. |
§ 43-2-294. Service of citation. |
§ 43-2-295. Notice by publication. |
§ 43-2-296. Trial. |
§ 43-2-297. Costs. |
§ 43-2-298. Order to give additional bond. |
§ 43-2-299. Removal or additional bond on motion of court. |
Article 13. Collection, Inventory, and Appraisement of Personal Property. |
§ 43-2-311. Testator may exempt executor from filing inventory or making report or final settlement. |
§ 43-2-312. Contents of inventory. |
§ 43-2-313. Oath upon return of inventory. |
§ 43-2-318. Exhibit showing condition of estate. |
Article 14. Keeping Estates Together. |
§ 43-2-330. Authorization by probate court to keep estate together; term. |
§ 43-2-331. Extension of time upon showing of good cause. |
§ 43-2-332. When distributed share kept and worked with undivided portion of estate. |
§ 43-2-333. Payment of profits to share owners. |
§ 43-2-334. Order authorizing hiring of laborers - Generally. |
§ 43-2-335. Order authorizing hiring of laborers - Petition; notice and hearing. |
§ 43-2-336. Cultivation under direction of executor or administrator. |
§ 43-2-337. Preceding sections not to be construed so as to conflict with will. |
§ 43-2-338. Annual settlements. |
§ 43-2-339. Certain rights not affected by provisions of article. |
Article 15. Claims and Debts. |
Division 1. Presentation. |
§ 43-2-350. Time and manner of filing claims - Generally. |
§ 43-2-351. Time and manner of filing claims - Exception as to minors or persons of unsound mind. |
§ 43-2-352. Verification of claims. |
§ 43-2-353. Revival of pending action considered as presentation. |
§ 43-2-354. Notice and hearing; judgment; costs; appeals. |
Division 2. Payment and Preference. |
§ 43-2-371. Order of preference. |
§ 43-2-370. Property charged with payment of debts. |
§ 43-2-372. No preference among debts of same class. |
§ 43-2-373. Payment of claims barred by statute of limitations. |
§ 43-2-374. When executor or administrator protected in payment of debts. |
§ 43-2-375. Payment of debts not due. |
Division 3. Sale, Compromise, and Settlement. |
§ 43-2-390. Authorization to compromise or sell claims. |
§ 43-2-391. Notice and hearing. |
§ 43-2-392. Report. |
§ 43-2-393. When executor or administrator may give note, etc., to extend or settle debt. |
§ 43-2-394. Compounding with and discharge of debtor. |
Article 16. Sale of Personal Property. |
§ 43-2-410. Power of sale conferred. |
§ 43-2-411. Notice of application. |
§ 43-2-412. Contesting application. |
§ 43-2-413. Notice of sale. |
§ 43-2-414. Hours of sale. |
§ 43-2-415. Terms of sale. |
§ 43-2-416. When bid rejected and sale postponed. |
§ 43-2-417. Resale upon failure of purchaser to comply with terms; liability for deficiency. |
§ 43-2-418. Completion, gathering and sale of crops commenced by decedent. |
§ 43-2-419. Sale of farm products. |
§ 43-2-420. Assignment or transfer of mortgages, notes or accounts. |
§ 43-2-421. Stock in trade. |
§ 43-2-422. Returns of accounts of sales. |
Article 17. Renting and Sale of Real Estate. |
Division 1. For Payment of Debts and for Division. |
§ 43-2-441. Authorization to sell - Where will exists. |
§ 43-2-440. Renting of lands. |
§ 43-2-442. Authorization to sell - In case of intestacy. |
§ 43-2-443. Authorization to sell - Sale for division. |
§ 43-2-444. Application for sale. |
§ 43-2-445. Notice and hearing generally; time for hearing; appointment of guardian ad litem. |
§ 43-2-446. Notice to nonresidents. |
§ 43-2-447. Notice to unknown parties; appointment of special guardian; disposition of shares. |
§ 43-2-448. Duties and compensation of guardian ad litem and special guardian. |
§ 43-2-450. Order of sale for payment of debts. |
§ 43-2-451. Proof of facts on application to sell for division; order of sale. |
§ 43-2-452. When depositions required. |
§ 43-2-453. Evidence of title. |
§ 43-2-454. Dismissal of application upon failure of proof. |
§ 43-2-455. Advertisement of sale. |
§ 43-2-456. Applicability of sections 43-2-414, 43-2-416 and 43-2-417. |
§ 43-2-457. How purchase money secured. |
§ 43-2-458. Place of sale. |
§ 43-2-459. Report and examination of sale - Generally. |
§ 43-2-460. Report and examination of sale - Notice and hearing. |
§ 43-2-461. Setting aside sale; resale. |
§ 43-2-462. Confirmation of sale. |
§ 43-2-463. Report of payment of purchase money. |
§ 43-2-464. Conveyance. |
§ 43-2-465. Right of purchaser to cite executor or administrator to report sale. |
§ 43-2-467. Correction of mistake in description of lands sold. |
§ 43-2-468. Sale or division of land received on compromise. |
Division 2. Sale of Land for Payment of Legacies. |
§ 43-2-480. Authorization to sell. |
§ 43-2-481. Application for sale. |
§ 43-2-482. Notice; proceedings; order of sale. |
Article 18. Settlements and Distributions. |
Division 1. General Provisions. |
§ 43-2-500. When annual or partial settlement required. |
§ 43-2-501. When final settlement may be made. |
§ 43-2-502. Filing of account, etc. - Generally. |
§ 43-2-503. Filing of account, etc. - Liability for failure to file statement. |
§ 43-2-504. Appointment of guardian ad litem. |
§ 43-2-505. Time for settlement; notice generally. |
§ 43-2-506. Settlement by consent without notice. |
§ 43-2-507. Auditing of account; proof of credits. |
§ 43-2-508. Satisfaction of claims. |
§ 43-2-509. Liability of executor or administrator for interest or profits. |
§ 43-2-510. Credit for expenses of minor distributees. |
§ 43-2-511. Contest of account - Generally. |
§ 43-2-512. Contest of account - Showing of failure to discharge trust, etc. |
§ 43-2-513. Contest of account - Examination of witnesses. |
§ 43-2-514. Contest of account - Reduction or disallowance of item. |
§ 43-2-515. Contest of account - Withdrawal of item. |
§ 43-2-516. Decree passing account as stated. |
§ 43-2-517. Appointment and compensation of special guardian. |
§ 43-2-518. Reexamination of items included in previous settlements. |
§ 43-2-519. Notice of annual or partial settlement; conclusiveness of order or decree; reopening account. |
Division 2. Compelling Settlement by Existing Executor or Administrator. |
§ 43-2-530. Authorization to compel settlement. |
§ 43-2-531. Issuance of citation; notice; when court required to examine, audit or restate account. |
§ 43-2-532. Proceedings on settlement of account. |
§ 43-2-533. Setting aside decree. |
Division 3. Compelling Settlement of Executor or Administrator Whose Authority Has Ceased. |
§ 43-2-550. Final settlement required following death, removal or resignation of executor or administrator. |
§ 43-2-551. Making succeeding executor or administrator party to settlement. |
§ 43-2-552. Decree for balance - Generally. |
§ 43-2-553. Decree for balance - Decree in favor of outgoing executor or administrator; insolvent estates. |
§ 43-2-554. When execution may be stayed. |
§ 43-2-555. Stating account or compelling settlement by attachment. |
§ 43-2-556. Issuance of citation; notice; when court required to examine, audit or restate account. |
§ 43-2-557. Proceedings on final settlement of account. |
§ 43-2-558. Setting aside decree. |
§ 43-2-559. Other actions not barred. |
§ 43-2-560. Settlement by sureties of deceased executor or administrator - Filing account and vouchers. |
§ 43-2-561. Settlement by sureties of deceased executor or administrator - Making representative of deceased executor or administrator party to settlement. |
§ 43-2-562. Settlement by sureties of deceased executor or administrator - Petition for order requiring sureties to make settlement. |
§ 43-2-563. Settlement by sureties of deceased executor or administrator - Conclusiveness of settlement. |
§ 43-2-564. Settlement by sureties of deceased executor or administrator - Execution against sureties. |
Division 4. Compelling Payment of Legacies. |
§ 43-2-580. When legatee or widow entitled to compel payment. |
§ 43-2-581. Application. |
§ 43-2-582. Time for hearing; notice to executor or administrator. |
§ 43-2-583. Conduct of hearing; when payment or delivery directed. |
§ 43-2-584. Refunding bond. |
§ 43-2-585. Enforcement of payment or delivery. |
§ 43-2-586. Applicability of sections 43-2-581 through 43-2-585 to widow. |
Division 5. Arbitration on Settlement of Estates. |
§ 43-2-600. When matters of controversy may be referred to arbitration. |
§ 43-2-601. Consent by guardian. |
§ 43-2-602. Appointment of arbitrators. |
§ 43-2-603. Award - Generally. |
§ 43-2-604. Award - Force and effect; execution. |
§ 43-2-605. Award - Setting aside; second reference. |
§ 43-2-606. Award - Objections. |
§ 43-2-607. Applicability of certain sections in Title 6. |
Division 6. Distribution or Division on Final Settlement. |
§ 43-2-620. Orders of distribution - Generally. |
§ 43-2-621. Orders of distribution - To whom directed; contents. |
§ 43-2-622. Orders of distribution - Oath; return; exceptions to report. |
§ 43-2-623. Confirming or setting aside distribution; when sale may be directed. |
§ 43-2-624. How sale advertised and made. |
§ 43-2-625. Delivery of property upon confirmation. |
§ 43-2-626. Division, sale or assignment of judgments or claims. |
§ 43-2-627. Setting off indebtedness of distributee or legatee. |
§ 43-2-628. Discharge of executor or administrator from liability. |
§ 43-2-629. Disposition of personal estate of foreign decedent. |
Division 7. Distribution Before Settlement. |
§ 43-2-640. Authorization to make distribution - Distribution by executor or administrator. |
§ 43-2-641. Authorization to make distribution - Distribution by court after six months from grant of letters. |
§ 43-2-642. Contents of application. |
§ 43-2-643. Time for hearing; notice. |
§ 43-2-644. When distribution made; limit on amount. |
§ 43-2-646. Refunding bonds - Recordation; transcript as evidence. |
§ 43-2-645. Refunding bonds - Required; terms and conditions. |
§ 43-2-647. Refunding bonds - Bond stands as security; action on bond. |
§ 43-2-648. Refunding bonds - Rights of parties among themselves. |
§ 43-2-649. Costs. |
Division 8. Presumption of Settlement After 20 Years. |
§ 43-2-660. When presumption arises. |
§ 43-2-661. Petition to establish presumption. |
§ 43-2-662. Notice of hearing on petition. |
§ 43-2-663. Contest. |
§ 43-2-664. Order after hearing. |
Division 9. Compensation, Commissions, Fees, etc. |
§ 43-2-682. Court may allow compensation or attorney's fees up to time of settlement. |
§ 43-2-683. Previous fees considered upon final settlement. |
Division 10. Summary Distribution of Small Estates. |
§ 43-2-690. Short title. |
§ 43-2-691. Definitions. |
§ 43-2-692. Petition for summary distribution; when surviving spouse or distributee entitled to personal property without administration. |
§ 43-2-693. Entry of order directing summary distribution. |
§ 43-2-694. Transfer of property or evidence of rights therein to surviving spouse or distributees. |
§ 43-2-695. Limitation on defeasible rights of surviving spouse or distributees. |
§ 43-2-696. Effect of transfer pursuant to affidavit. |
Article 19. Insolvent Estates. |
Division 1. General Provisions. |
§ 43-2-700. Order and preference of payment of debts. |
§ 43-2-701. Report of insolvency - Generally. |
§ 43-2-702. Report of insolvency - Statement to be filed with report. |
§ 43-2-703. Report of insolvency - Affidavit accompanying report and statement. |
§ 43-2-704. Time for hearing; notice of hearing. |
§ 43-2-705. Trial of issue of insolvency to be by jury. |
§ 43-2-706. Payment of costs. |
§ 43-2-707. Declaration of insolvency. |
§ 43-2-708. Second declaration by succeeding administrator not necessary. |
§ 43-2-709. Appeals. |
Division 2. Nomination and Election of Administrators of Insolvent Estates. |
§ 43-2-720. When creditors may make nomination; who may be nominated. |
§ 43-2-721. Voting procedure generally; proof of claims required. |
§ 43-2-722. Person receiving plurality appointed administrator. |
§ 43-2-723. Discretion of court upon failure of creditors to attend. |
§ 43-2-724. Former letters revoked upon appointment; property vested in administrator. |
§ 43-2-725. Vacancy. |
Division 3. Filing and Allowing Claims Against Insolvent Estates. |
§ 43-2-740. Time and manner of filing claims - Generally. |
§ 43-2-741. Time and manner of filing claims - Time allowed certain minors and persons of unsound mind. |
§ 43-2-742. Time and manner of filing claims - Claims verified in another state. |
§ 43-2-743. Time and manner of filing claims - Claims verified in foreign country. |
§ 43-2-744. Receipt for claim; endorsement by judge. |
§ 43-2-745. Claims docket. |
§ 43-2-746. When claim allowed without further proof. |
§ 43-2-747. Objections. |
§ 43-2-748. Allowance of due part of claim. |
§ 43-2-749. Debt not due. |
§ 43-2-750. Claim allowed after partial distribution. |
§ 43-2-751. Action by creditor to recover dividend. |
Division 4. Settlement of Insolvent Estates. |
§ 43-2-770. When settlement must be made. |
§ 43-2-771. Decree. |
Division 5. Sale of and Actions for Lands of Insolvent Estates. |
§ 43-2-790. Application for order for sale - Generally. |
§ 43-2-791. Application for order for sale - Form and contents; verification; notice to heirs and devisees. |
§ 43-2-792. Action by administrator for recovery of lands. |
Division 6. Report or Decree of Insolvency as Affecting Pending Civil Actions. |
§ 43-2-810. Continuance upon showing of insolvency. |
§ 43-2-811. Special plea of insolvency. |
§ 43-2-812. Judgment certified to probate court; execution for costs. |
§ 43-2-813. Effect of order or decree of insolvency certified to other courts after judgment or decree therein rendered. |
Article 20. Probate Procedure Act. |
§ 43-2-830. Devolution of estate at death; restrictions. |
§ 43-2-831. Time of accrual of duties and powers. |
§ 43-2-832. Priority among different letters. |
§ 43-2-833. General duties; relation and liability to persons interested in estate; standing to sue. |
§ 43-2-834. Personal representative to proceed without court order; exception. |
§ 43-2-835. Duty of personal representative; inventory and appraisement. |
§ 43-2-836. Duty of personal representative; supplementary inventory. |
§ 43-2-837. Duty of personal representative; possession of estate. |
§ 43-2-838. Power to avoid transfers. |
§ 43-2-839. Powers of personal representatives; in general. |
§ 43-2-840. Improper exercise of power; breach of fiduciary duty. |
§ 43-2-841. Sale, encumbrance, or transaction involving conflict of interest; voidable; exceptions. |
§ 43-2-842. Persons dealing with personal representative; protection. |
§ 43-2-843. Transactions authorized for personal representatives; exceptions. |
§ 43-2-844. Transactions authorized for personal representatives; prior court approval. |
§ 43-2-845. Powers and duties of successor personal representative. |
§ 43-2-846. Co-representatives; when joint action required. |
§ 43-2-847. Powers of surviving personal representative. |
§ 43-2-848. Compensation of personal representative. |
§ 43-2-849. Expenses in estate litigation. |
§ 43-2-850. Proceedings for review of employment of agents and compensation of personal representatives and employees of estate. |
§ 43-2-851. Bond. |
§ 43-2-852. Terms and requirements of bonds. |
§ 43-2-853. Application to existing estates. |
§ 43-2-854. Avoiding conflicts of law. |